Why are there special PV fuses?
PV fuses are used in photovoltaic systems. The systems are designed to generate electricity as maintenance-free as possible. Therefore, the fuse is designed to enable this. With the usual temperature fluctuations in the systems, the fuse does not trigger. Similarly, the varying current flows caused by weather, especially clouds, do not trigger the fuses. However, if there is a faulty module, cable, or even a short circuit, the fuses will disconnect and protect the other parts of the system from damage. The short-circuit current of the PV modules is only slightly higher than the rated current. Therefore, it is important that the fuses can safely interrupt this current. The applications operate with direct current, which makes interrupting an arc significantly more difficult. All of the above requirements are defined for fuses in the product standards IEC 60269 or UL 248-19, with the characteristic set as gPV in both standards. Protection of PV systems can be ensured by the use of suitable fuses, preventing damage, fires, or more severe consequences.
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The function of a PV fuse
Photovoltaic fuses are specially designed for use in PV systems. Photovoltaic modules deliver a short-circuit current, even under ideal conditions, that is only slightly above the rated current of the modules. The fuse must trip at this low current, but it must not interrupt the rated current. In addition, current and voltage fluctuate throughout the day, as well as temperatures. All of these conditions are taken into account in the standardization, and fuses with gPV characteristics enable a reliable operation. The components of PV fuses are also designed to reliably interrupt the arcs that can occur when interrupting DC voltages up to 1,500 V.
Benefits of PV fuses
The use of PV fuses offers several advantages:
Protection against overcurrent and short circuits: PV fuses prevent excessive currents from flowing through the system, which can lead to cable fires, damage to components, and even personal injury.
- Improved reliability: By providing protection against overcurrent and short circuits, PV fuses contribute to increased reliability and lifespan of the system.
- Lower maintenance costs: By protecting against damage, PV fuses can reduce maintenance costs.
- Enhanced safety: PV fuses contribute to the overall safety of the PV system.
Types of PV fuses
There are two main types of PV fuses:
Cylinder fuse inserts: Cylinder fuse inserts are suitable for currents up to approximately 50 A and are used in smaller PV systems as well as in household and electronic applications. They have a cylindrical design and are cheaper than NH-PV fuses.
NH-PV fuses (Low Voltage High Performance PV fuses): NH-PV fuses are designed for high currents and voltages and are mainly used in industrial applications and larger PV systems. They have a rectangular design and offer high fault current withstand capability.
Conclusion
PV fuses are an essential component of any PV system and contribute to the safety, reliability, and lifespan of the system. When selecting and installing PV fuses, it is important to consider the relevant factors and rely on the expertise of a qualified electrician.
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